Last Updated on 20 February 2026 by Johan

Romania is a country of striking contrasts, where medieval towns, fortified churches, and mountain landscapes meet modern cities and vibrant cultural traditions. Located in southeastern Europe, Romania borders Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and Moldova, with the Black Sea forming its eastern coastline. The country’s rich history, diverse regions, and welcoming atmosphere make it an appealing destination for travelers seeking both nature and culture.

History of Romania

Romania’s historical roots stretch back to ancient Dacia, which became part of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century. Over the centuries, the regions of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania developed distinct identities shaped by their geography and political influences.

Wallachia and Moldavia were long under Ottoman suzerainty but maintained internal autonomy. In 1859, the two principalities united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza, forming the basis of modern Romania. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was internationally recognized in 1878.

After World War I, Romania expanded significantly, gaining Transylvania and other territories. During World War II, the country initially aligned with the Axis powers but switched sides in 1944. Following the war, Romania came under Soviet influence, and in 1947 the monarchy was abolished, leading to the establishment of a communist state.

Nicolae Ceaușescu ruled from 1965 until 1989, when the Romanian Revolution ended the regime. Romania transitioned to democracy and a market economy, joining NATO in 2004 and the European Union in 2007. Today, it is a stable parliamentary republic with a growing tourism sector.

Geography and Regions in Romania

Romania’s landscape is remarkably varied. The Carpathian Mountains form an arc through the center of the country, while fertile plains stretch to the south and east. The Danube River flows along the southern border before reaching the Black Sea, where it forms the Danube Delta, one of Europe’s most important wetlands.

Romania is commonly divided into several tourist regions:

Transylvania

A region of rolling hills, medieval towns, fortified churches, and castles. Cities such as Brașov, Sibiu, and Cluj‑Napoca offer a blend of history and modern culture. Bran Castle and Corvin Castle are among the most visited landmarks.

The Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathians offer excellent hiking, wildlife viewing, and winter sports. Popular mountain resorts include Sinaia, Bușteni, and Poiana Brașov. The region is home to brown bears, wolves, and lynx, making it one of Europe’s richest wildlife areas.

Southern Carpathians and Prahova Valley

Known for ski resorts, scenic landscapes, and royal heritage. Peleș Castle in Sinaia is one of Romania’s architectural treasures.

The Danube Delta

A UNESCO World Heritage Site and biosphere reserve, the Danube Delta is a paradise for birdwatchers and nature lovers. It hosts over 300 bird species and a unique network of channels, lakes, and reed beds.

The Black Sea Coast

Romania’s coastline features sandy beaches and family‑friendly resorts. Popular destinations include Mamaia, Eforie Nord, Eforie Sud, Neptun, Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus. The calm waters and wide beaches make the area suitable for visitors of all ages.

Bucharest

Romania’s capital is a dynamic city with a mix of historical architecture and modern development. Highlights include the Palace of the Parliament, the Old Town, the Village Museum, and numerous parks and cultural institutions.

Moldavia

Eastern Romania is known for monasteries, traditional villages, and gentle hills. The painted monasteries of Bucovina are UNESCO‑listed and among the country’s most distinctive cultural sites.

Climate of Romania

Romania has a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. Mountain regions experience cooler temperatures year‑round, while the Black Sea coast enjoys milder winters and warm, sunny summers.

• Summer: 25–35°C in lowlands, cooler in the mountains
• Winter: −5 to 5°C in most regions, colder at higher altitudes
• Best time to visit: May to October for general travel; December to March for winter sports

Nature and Wildlife in Romania

Romania is one of Europe’s most biodiverse countries. The Carpathians host large populations of brown bears, wolves, and lynx, while the Danube Delta is one of the continent’s most important bird habitats.

Common wildlife includes:

• Brown bears
• Wolves
• Lynx
• Red deer
• Wild boar
• Pelicans, herons, and cormorants in the Danube Delta

Forests cover a significant portion of the country, offering excellent opportunities for hiking, wildlife tours, and eco‑tourism.

Culture and Traditions in Romania

Romanian culture blends Latin roots with influences from Central Europe and the Balkans. Folk traditions remain strong, especially in rural areas. Visitors can experience traditional crafts, wooden churches, festivals, and regional cuisine.

Romanian food is hearty and flavorful. Popular dishes include:

• Sarmale (cabbage rolls)
• Mămăligă (cornmeal porridge)
• Ciorbă de burtă (tripe soup)
• Mititei (grilled minced meat rolls)

Wine production is an important part of Romanian culture, with regions such as Dealu Mare, Cotnari, and Murfatlar producing high‑quality wines.

Top Touristic Attractions in Romania

Bucharest

• Palace of the Parliament
• Old Town (Lipscani)
• Village Museum
• Romanian Athenaeum

Transylvania

• Bran Castle
• Brașov’s medieval center
• Sibiu’s historic squares
• Sighișoara Citadel

Carpathian Mountains

• Peleș Castle
• Bucegi Mountains
• Piatra Craiului National Park

Danube Delta

• Birdwatching tours
• Boat trips through channels and lakes
• Traditional fishing villages

Black Sea Coast

• Mamaia’s beaches
• Eforie Nord’s spas
• Neptun and Jupiter family resorts

Practical Information about Romania

• Language: Romanian
• Currency: Romanian Leu (RON)
• Time Zone: Eastern European Time (UTC+2), UTC+3 in summer
• Electricity: 230V, European plugs
• Entry Requirements: EU citizens may enter with an ID card; others may require a passport
• Transport: Trains, buses, and domestic flights connect major cities; roads are improving but mountain routes can be slow

Travel Tips

• Book accommodation early during summer on the Black Sea coast.
• Mountain weather changes quickly; proper gear is essential.
• Public transport is affordable but may be slower than in Western Europe.
• Respect wildlife guidelines in the Carpathians, especially in bear habitats.
• Try regional dishes, as cuisine varies widely across the country.

Sustainability

Romania’s natural areas are sensitive, especially the Danube Delta and mountain ecosystems. Visitors can support conservation by choosing eco‑friendly tours, reducing waste, and respecting protected areas.

More information

Sources

• https://romania.travel
• https://www.mae.ro (Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
• https://www.mmediu.ro (Romanian Ministry of Environment)
• https://whc.unesco.org
• https://www.nature.org
• https://www.ec.europa.eu