Georgia

Last Updated on 26 August 2025 by Johan

Georgia, officially the Republic of Georgia, is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bordered by Russia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Armenia and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The name “Georgia” is believed to have originated from the Persian word “Gurj,” which was later adopted by Western European languages. Locally, the country is known as “Sakartvelo,” derived from the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli.

Historical Background

The territory of Georgia has been inhabited since the early Bronze Age. It became a unified kingdom in the 4th century BC and later adopted Christianity as the state religion in the early 4th century AD, making it one of the oldest Christian nations in the world. Throughout its history, Georgia has been influenced by Persian, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Russian empires.

Following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Georgia has undergone significant political and economic reforms. The country has positioned itself as a cultural and tourism hub in the Caucasus region, with a growing reputation for hospitality, heritage, and natural beauty.

Historical Landmarks

Georgia is home to numerous historical sites, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Notable examples include:

  • The ancient cave city of Uplistsikhe, carved into rock cliffs near Gori.
  • The medieval David Gareja Monastery, located on the border with Azerbaijan.
  • The old town of Tbilisi, with its narrow alleys, wooden balconies, and sulphur baths.

Local tip: Visit Mtskheta, just 20 km from Tbilisi, early in the morning to explore the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral and Jvari Monastery before tour groups arrive.

Natural Landscapes

The diverse geography of Georgia includes the Caucasus Mountains, subtropical coastlines, and fertile valleys. Popular destinations include:

  • Kazbegi National Park, known for its alpine scenery and the iconic Gergeti Trinity Church.
  • The Black Sea coast near Batumi, offering beaches and botanical gardens.
  • The Svaneti region, famous for its medieval stone towers and hiking trails.

Local tip: For panoramic views without crowds, hike to Koruldi Lakes above Mestia in Svaneti during late summer.

Wine and Cuisine

Georgia is considered one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world, with traditions dating back over 8,000 years. The country is known for its amber wines made in clay vessels called qvevri. Culinary highlights include:

  • Khinkali (meat dumplings)
  • Khachapuri (cheese-filled bread)
  • Shashlik (grilled meat skewers)

Local tip: In the Kakheti region, visit small family-run wineries for authentic tastings and traditional meals.

Culture and Arts

Cultural life in Georgia is vibrant and diverse. Key institutions include:

  • The Georgian National Museum in Tbilisi, showcasing archaeology and ethnography.
  • The Georgian State Opera and Ballet Theater, known for its ornate architecture.
  • The Tbilisi Puppet Theater, offering performances rooted in folklore.

Local tip: Attend a polyphonic singing performance in Kutaisi or Telavi to experience one of Georgia’s UNESCO-listed intangible cultural traditions.

Adventure Activities

Outdoor enthusiasts can enjoy a wide range of activities:

  • Rafting on the Rioni River
  • Paragliding in Gudauri
  • Horse riding in Tusheti

Local tip: For a unique experience, take a jeep tour into Tusheti via the Abano Pass, one of the highest drivable roads in Europe, open only in summer.

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