Ukraine

Last Updated on 26 August 2025 by Johan

Due to the ongoing war following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the country remains under a state of emergency with frequent missile and drone attacks affecting both urban and rural areas. Several Ministries of Foreign Affairs currently assigns a red travel advisory to all regions of Ukraine, meaning travel is strongly discouraged regardless of personal circumstances. Civilian infrastructure continues to be targeted, and safety conditions are highly unstable.

If you are considering travel to Ukraine, it is advised to postpone your plans until the situation improves.

Ukraine is the second-largest country in Europe, located in the eastern part of the continent. It shares borders with Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova, and has a southern coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. The name “Ukraine” is derived from the Old Slavic word “ukraina,” meaning “borderland,” reflecting its historical position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.

Historically, Ukraine has been a contested region due to its fertile lands and strategic location. It was part of the Kievan Rus’ in the Middle Ages, a powerful Slavic state that laid the foundation for modern Ukrainian, Russian, and Belarusian cultures. Over the centuries, Ukraine came under the control of various empires, including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian Empire.

In the 20th century, Ukraine experienced brief independence between 1917 and 1920 before being absorbed into the Soviet Union. The Soviet era was marked by severe repression, including two man-made famines (1921–22 and 1932–33) that claimed millions of lives, and devastating losses during World War II. Independence was finally achieved in 1991 following the dissolution of the USSR, but the country has continued to face challenges related to governance, economic reform, and territorial integrity.

Geography and Climate

Most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains known as steppes, with plateaus and river valleys. Mountain ranges are found in the west (the Carpathians) and in the south on the Crimean Peninsula. The climate is predominantly continental, with cold winters and warm summers. The southern coast of Crimea enjoys a Mediterranean climate, making it a popular destination for beachgoers.

Local tip: For hiking and nature lovers, the Carpathian Mountains offer scenic trails, traditional villages, and opportunities to experience Hutsul culture. Visit in late spring or early autumn for mild weather and fewer tourists.

Cultural and Historical Attractions

Kyiv

The capital city, Kyiv, is one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe. It features landmarks such as the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (Monastery of the Caves), Saint Sophia Cathedral, and Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square).

Local tip: Take a walk along Andriyivskyy Descent, a historic street lined with art galleries, souvenir shops, and street performers.

Lviv

Located in western Ukraine, Lviv is known for its well-preserved medieval architecture and vibrant cultural scene. The city’s historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Local tip: Visit the Lviv Coffee Mining Manufacture for a theatrical coffee experience and explore the rooftop views from House of Legends.

Odesa

A port city on the Black Sea, Odesa is famous for its beaches, 19th-century architecture, and the Potemkin Stairs. The city has a cosmopolitan atmosphere and a rich literary heritage.

Local tip: Try the local seafood at the Privoz Market, and take a stroll through the Deribasivska Street pedestrian zone.

Chernivtsi

Often called “Little Vienna,” Chernivtsi boasts Austro-Hungarian architecture and the impressive Chernivtsi University, a UNESCO-listed site.

Local tip: Attend a performance at the Chernivtsi Drama Theater, which offers productions in both Ukrainian and Romanian.

Natural Highlights

  • Carpathian Mountains: Ideal for hiking, skiing, and cultural tourism.
  • Shatsky Lakes: Located in northwestern Ukraine, this group of lakes is perfect for eco-tourism and water sports.
  • Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve: A unique steppe reserve in southern Ukraine, home to wild horses and rare flora.

Local tip: The Askania-Nova reserve is best visited with a guide to fully appreciate its biodiversity and conservation efforts.

Sources

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