Moldova

Last Updated on 26 August 2025 by Johan

Moldova is a small landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. Its capital and largest city is Chișinău. The name “Moldova” is derived from the Moldova River, which flows through the historical region of Moldavia—a territory that once encompassed parts of present-day Romania and Ukraine. The name itself likely originates from the Old Slavic word for “spruce” or “dark river.”

Historically, Moldova was part of the Principality of Moldavia, which emerged in the 14th century. Over centuries, the region experienced rule under the Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, and later became part of the Soviet Union. In 1991, Moldova declared independence following the dissolution of the USSR and has since developed into a parliamentary republic. The country has faced significant challenges, including economic hardship, political instability, and emigration, but continues to pursue integration with the European Union and NATO.

Cultural and Natural Attractions

Milestii Mici Winery

Located near Chișinău, Milestii Mici holds the Guinness World Record for the largest wine cellar, stretching over 200 kilometers underground and housing more than 2 million bottles. Visitors can tour the limestone tunnels by car and enjoy tastings of local wines.

Local tip: Book in advance and request a guided tour in English. The underground temperature remains cool year-round, so bring a light jacket.

Orheiul Vechi

This archaeological and historical complex lies about 60 km northeast of Chișinău. It features ancient cave monasteries carved into limestone cliffs, medieval fortifications, and panoramic views of the Răut River valley.

Local tip: Visit during late spring or early autumn for pleasant hiking conditions and fewer crowds. Stop by the nearby village of Butuceni for traditional Moldovan cuisine.

Cricova Winery

Just north of Chișinău, Cricova is another renowned underground wine city. It offers immersive tours through its labyrinthine cellars, complete with tastings and historical exhibits.

Local tip: Ask to see the Presidential Collection, which includes wines reserved for heads of state and dignitaries.

National Museum of History of Moldova

Located in central Chișinău, this museum showcases Moldovan history from prehistoric times to the modern era. Exhibits include ancient artifacts, military uniforms, and cultural relics.

Local tip: Combine your visit with a walk through Stefan cel Mare Central Park, located nearby.

Soroca Fortress

Situated in Soroca, in the northern part of the country, this 15th-century stone fortress was built by Moldavian ruler Stephen the Great. It played a key role in defending the region against invasions.

Local tip: Climb the fortress tower for views of the Dniester River and the border with Ukraine.

Transnistria

This self-declared republic in eastern Moldova has its own government, currency, and Soviet-style monuments. Though not internationally recognized, it offers a unique glimpse into post-Soviet identity.

Local tip: Bring your passport and check entry requirements before visiting. Tiraspol, the capital, is known for its Lenin statues and retro architecture.

Tipova Monastery

Located in a canyon along the Dniester River, Tipova Monastery is one of the largest cave monastery complexes in Eastern Europe. It dates back to the 10th century and is surrounded by dramatic cliffs and waterfalls.

Local tip: Wear sturdy shoes for the descent into the canyon and bring water, as facilities are limited.

Saharna Monastery

Near Rezina, Saharna is a pilgrimage site nestled in a forested valley. It features a series of cave churches and a scenic waterfall known as “The Footprint of the Virgin.”

Local tip: Visit early in the morning to experience the tranquil atmosphere and spot local wildlife.

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