Samos Prefecture

Last Updated on 31 August 2025 by Johan

The Samos Prefecture in Greece is located in the eastern Aegean Sea and comprises three distinct islands: Samos, Ikaria, and Fournoi. Each island offers a unique blend of natural landscapes, cultural heritage, and local charm. Samos, the largest of the three, lies close to the Turkish coast and is surrounded by towns such as Vathi, Karlovasi, Kokkari, and Marathokampos. To the west, Ikaria is known for its mountainous terrain and longevity culture, with settlements including Agios Kirykos, Armenistis, and Therma. Southeast of Ikaria, the Fournoi archipelago includes the main town Fournoi and several smaller islets, offering a peaceful retreat with untouched beaches and traditional fishing villages.

Name Origin

The name Samos is thought to derive from the ancient Greek word “Sama,” meaning “height,” a reference to the island’s mountainous terrain, particularly Mount Kerkis. Ikaria is named after the mythological figure Icarus, who, according to legend, fell into the sea near the island after flying too close to the sun. The name Fournoi likely comes from the Latin “furnus,” meaning oven, possibly alluding to the island’s warm climate or ancient baking traditions.

History

Samos has a rich history dating back to the Neolithic era. It became a prominent maritime and cultural center in antiquity and was the birthplace of Pythagoras, the renowned mathematician. His legacy is commemorated at the Cave of Pythagoras near Marathokampos. The island also hosts the Temple of Hera, one of the largest temples of ancient Greece, located near Iraion. During the Byzantine and Genoese periods, defensive structures such as the Genoese Castle and Tower of Lycurgus were built.

Ikaria has a history marked by independence and resilience. It was once known as Oenoe, an ancient city-state, and later became part of the Byzantine Empire. The Castle of Koskina, situated on a hilltop, offers panoramic views and insights into medieval defense. The island’s isolation helped preserve its traditions, contributing to its reputation as a “Blue Zone” where residents enjoy exceptional longevity.

Fournoi has remained largely untouched by mass tourism, preserving its authentic character. Archaeological evidence suggests the island was active during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Today, its quiet beaches and fishing villages reflect a lifestyle that has changed little over the centuries.

Tourist Highlights

Samos offers a wide range of attractions. In Vathi, visitors can explore museums, enjoy waterfront dining, and shop for local crafts. Pythagoreio, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, features ancient ruins, the Eupalinos Tunnel, and a vibrant marina. Kokkari is popular among windsurfers and beachgoers, while Karlovasi showcases neoclassical architecture and the scenic Potami Waterfalls. Marathokampos, located at the base of Mount Kerkis, is ideal for hiking and nature excursions.

Ikaria is a destination for wellness tourism. The thermal springs of Therma are known for their therapeutic properties, and hiking trails lead through forests and cliffs. Nas Beach, near the ruins of an ancient temple, is a secluded spot for swimming and sunsets. Armenistis and Gialiskari offer relaxed beach atmospheres and traditional eateries serving Ikarian dishes like soufiko and goat stew.

Fournoi is ideal for those seeking tranquility and natural beauty. Beaches such as Kambi, Petrokopio, and Vlychada are perfect for snorkeling and sunbathing. The town of Fournoi features a small harbor with seafood tavernas and bakeries. Traditional wooden fishing boats are still in use, preserving the island’s maritime heritage.

Additional Local Tips

  • The Samos Wine Museum in Vathi presents the island’s winemaking history, including the renowned Muscat of Samos.
  • Ikaria’s Panigiria festivals, held in summer, combine music, dance, and communal feasting, offering insight into local traditions.
  • Fournoi’s underwater archaeology sites have revealed ancient shipwrecks, making it a compelling destination for divers.

Practical Information

Temple of Hera
Location: Near Iraion, Samos
Opening Hours: Tuesday to Sunday, 08:30–15:30
Entry Fee: €6 (reduced €3)
Parking: Free lot nearby
Public Transport: Accessible via local bus from Pythagoreio
Google Maps: Temple of Hera

Cave of Pythagoras
Location: Near Marathokampos, Samos
Opening Hours: Daily, 09:00–17:00
Entry Fee: Free
Parking: Limited roadside spots
Public Transport: Not directly accessible; taxi recommended
Google Maps: Cave of Pythagoras

Therma Springs
Location: Therma, Ikaria
Opening Hours: Seasonal, May–October
Entry Fee: €5–€10 depending on facility
Parking: Available near spa centers
Public Transport: Bus from Agios Kirykos
Google Maps: Therma Springs

Seasonal and Cultural Attractions

  • Samos Jazz Festival (July): Held in Pythagoreio, featuring international artists in open-air venues.
  • Ikaria Run (August): A community race through the hills of Agios Kirykos, promoting health and local pride.
  • Fournoi Fishermen’s Feast (September): Celebrates the island’s maritime heritage with fresh seafood and music.

Culinary Highlights

  • Meltemi Taverna in Kokkari: Known for grilled octopus and sea urchin salad.
  • To Magazaki in Armenistis: Offers organic Ikarian dishes and homemade wine.
  • Bakery of Fournoi: Famous for honey-drenched pastries and sesame bread.

Outdoor Activities

  • Mount Kerkis Trail: A challenging hike with panoramic views of Samos and the Aegean.
  • Ikaria Ridge Walk: A scenic route from Nas to Therma, passing through ancient ruins and pine forests.
  • Fournoi Coastal Path: A gentle walk connecting beaches and lookout points.

Public Art and Heritage

  • Karlovasi’s Open-Air Sculpture Park: Features works by Greek and international artists.
  • Ikaria’s Stone Arches: Found near Oenoe, remnants of ancient aqueducts.
  • Fournoi’s Mosaic Courtyard: A hidden gem in the town center, showcasing local craftsmanship.

Sources