Chios Prefecture, Greece

Last Updated on 31 August 2025 by Johan

Nestled in the northeastern Aegean Sea, the Chios Prefecture encompasses three islands: Chios, Psara, and Oinousses. This Greek region lies close to the Turkish coast and is part of the North Aegean administrative division of Greece. The main island, Chios, is known for its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and historic villages. Surrounding towns and settlements include Chios (city), Agia Ermioni, Volissos, Vrontados, Kampos, Kardamyla, Karfas, and Mesta. The smaller islands of Psara and Oinousses offer tranquil escapes and are accessible by ferry from Chios.

Name Origin

The name Chios is believed to derive from ancient Greek mythology. One legend attributes it to the nymph Chione, daughter of the North Wind, who was said to have brought snow to the island. Another theory links the name to the Phoenician word “chih,” meaning mastic, referencing the island’s famed resin-producing trees. The name Psara is thought to stem from the Greek word “psari,” meaning fish, reflecting its long-standing maritime traditions. Oinousses, meanwhile, is rooted in the word “oinos,” meaning wine, a nod to the island’s historical vineyards and winemaking.

History

Chios has been inhabited since the Neolithic period and flourished during the Classical era as a member of the Delian League. It was renowned for its schools of rhetoric and philosophy, and as the birthplace of Homer, according to local tradition. During the Byzantine and Genoese periods, the island gained prominence for its production of mastic, a resin used in medicine and cosmetics. The Genoese influence is still visible in the architecture of Kampos and the fortified village of Mesta.

In 1822, Chios suffered a devastating massacre during the Greek War of Independence, which drew international attention and inspired works by artists such as Eugène Delacroix. The island was later incorporated into the modern Greek state in 1912.

Psara played a heroic role in the War of Independence, with its naval fleet contributing significantly to the revolution. The island was destroyed by Ottoman forces in 1824, and its legacy is commemorated in monuments and annual events.

Oinousses has a long maritime history and is known for producing generations of shipowners and captains. The island’s naval tradition continues today, with a maritime academy and a museum dedicated to seafaring.

Tourist Highlights

Beaches and Coastal Activities

The Chios Prefecture offers a wide variety of beaches, each with its own character:

  • Karfas: A lively beach near Chios (city), popular for water sports and nightlife.
  • Lefkathia: Located near Volissos, this organized beach features clear waters and scenic surroundings.
  • Megas Limnionas, Komi, Elida, and Nagos: These beaches cater to different tastes, from family-friendly shores to secluded coves ideal for relaxation.

On Psara, visitors can enjoy untouched beaches such as Kato Lagadi and Lakka, while Oinousses offers stunning views from beaches like Bilali and Fidou.

Practical Info:

  • Karfas Beach: Free access, parking available along the main road, reachable by bus from Chios (city).
  • Lefkathia Beach: No entrance fee, limited parking, best accessed by car.
  • Google Maps link to Karfas Beach

Villages and Architecture

Mesta and Pyrgi are among the most iconic villages on Chios. Mesta is a medieval settlement with narrow alleys and fortified walls, while Pyrgi is famous for its “xysta”—geometric facade decorations carved into the plaster of buildings.

Other notable villages include:

  • Anavatos: A ghost village perched on a cliff, known for its dramatic setting and historical significance.
  • Volissos: Home to a Byzantine castle and traditional stone houses.
  • Vrontados: Associated with Homer and known for its Easter rocket war tradition.

Local Tip: The Rocket War of Vrontados, held every Easter, involves two rival churches firing homemade rockets at each other—a unique and thrilling spectacle.

Museums and Cultural Sites

  • Korai Library: One of Greece’s oldest libraries, housing rare manuscripts and historical documents.
  • Archaeological Museum of Chios: Exhibits from prehistoric to Roman times.
  • Maritime Museum of Oinousses: Showcases the island’s naval heritage.
  • Psara Historical Museum: Chronicles the island’s role in the War of Independence.

Opening Hours & Admission:

Nature and Outdoor Activities

The Chios Prefecture offers excellent opportunities for hiking and cycling. Trails around Volissos, Kardamyla, and Kampos pass through olive groves, mastic orchards, and coastal cliffs.

Seasonal Tip: Visit in late summer to witness the mastic harvest in southern Chios, a centuries-old tradition unique to the island.

Cycling Route Suggestion: From Kampos to Pyrgi, a scenic 25 km ride through citrus orchards and medieval villages.

Culinary Experiences

Local cuisine features fresh seafood, mastic-flavored desserts, and traditional dishes like “sougania” (stuffed onions). Recommended eateries include:

  • To Kechrimpari in Chios (city): Known for its seafood and harbor views.
  • Mesta Tavern: Offers local specialties in a historic setting.
  • Psara’s seaside cafes: Ideal for grilled octopus and ouzo.

Local Tip: Try “mastelo,” a lamb dish slow-cooked in clay pots, traditionally served during Easter.

Art and Public Installations

Chios (city) and Kampos feature public sculptures and restored mansions reflecting Genoese and neoclassical styles. Seasonal exhibitions are held at the Chios Cultural Center, showcasing local artists.

Event Tip: The Chios Music Festival, held every August, includes performances in historic venues across the island.

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