This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. After the death of his father, Gündüz Alp, Ertuğrul (Gazi) became the leader his clan and brought his people to Erzincan. In their quest to find a habitable land they moved to […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. The Turks throughout their history established many states, such as the Huns, Göktürks, Avars, Karahan State (Khanaate), and Gaznes and appeared under different names; the Bulgars, Peçenegs, Cumans, and Kıpçaks are few […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. The history of the Byzantine Empire begins in 324 with the foundation of a second capital in Byzantium, an ancient Greek city, by the Roman Emperor Constantine I (306-37). Constantine renamed this […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. Asia Minor was an important part of the Roman empire. It rivaled Rome in art, culture, and power while preserving its own traditions. It was in fact a big rival. When the […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. They are also known as the Gauls and Celts. The Hellenes called them the Keltai, and the Romans called them the Gallia. They were the Celtic invaders from the northern Europe and […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. The first civilization that arose in the Bronze Age in the Aegean islands (Crete and Cyclades) was the Minoans, 2000-1100BC. They got their name from their king, Minos. In the late Bronze […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. According to Herodotus the Lycians’ origin was Crete. Lycus1, who was expelled by his brother Aigos, settled in the south-western corner of Asia Minor and so the name Lycian derives from Lykos. […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. In ancient times the south western region of Asia Minor was called Caria, the land of the Carians. This area came under the control of Lydia between the years 700 – 600 […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. Not much is known about the Phrygians. They were one of the tribes that migrated to Asia Minor from the Balkans after the destruction of Troia VIIb, circa 1190 BC. However their […]

This article is one in the Cultural History of Turkey series. For the description of any cultures or tribes please read that article. According to one view the Urartians were the descendants of the Hurrians. Another view, however, is that although the Hurrian and Urartian languages came from the same root they branched as early […]