Greenland, Denmark

Last Updated on 20 February 2026 by Johan

Greenland is the world’s largest island and one of the most striking destinations in the Northern Hemisphere. Although it is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland has extensive self‑rule and a distinct cultural identity shaped by Inuit traditions, Arctic landscapes, and a deep connection to the sea. For travelers, Greenland offers a rare combination of vast wilderness, dramatic glaciers, colorful coastal towns, and opportunities to experience life in one of the planet’s most remote regions.

Geography and Landscape

Greenland lies between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, with most of its territory located above the Arctic Circle. About 80 percent of the island is covered by the Greenland Ice Sheet, a massive body of ice that reaches more than 3,000 meters in thickness in some areas. This ice sheet influences global sea levels and climate patterns, making Greenland a central focus of scientific research.

The coastline is rugged and deeply carved by fjords. Most settlements are located along the ice‑free western and southern coasts, where colorful houses stand against a backdrop of mountains and glaciers. The eastern coast is more isolated, with only a few communities accessible by air or sea.

Greenland’s natural features include:

  • The Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
  • The vast inland ice sheet
  • Deep fjords such as Tasermiut Fjord
  • Coastal archipelagos and islands
  • Arctic tundra and mountain ranges

These landscapes create a dramatic environment that attracts photographers, hikers, and adventure travelers.

Climate and Seasons

Greenland has an Arctic to sub‑Arctic climate, depending on the region. Winters are long and cold, with temperatures often dropping far below freezing. Summers are short but can be surprisingly mild in the south and west, with temperatures occasionally reaching 10 to 15 degrees Celsius.

Seasonal highlights include:

Summer (June to September)

  • Midnight sun in northern regions
  • Accessible hiking trails
  • Ice‑free waters for boat tours
  • Active wildlife, including whales and seabirds

Winter (October to April)

  • Northern lights
  • Dog sledding and snowmobiling
  • Frozen fjords and snow‑covered landscapes
  • Long periods of darkness in the far north

Travelers should be prepared for rapidly changing weather at any time of year.

History and Culture

Greenland’s history is shaped by Inuit migration, Norse settlement, and centuries of Arctic exploration. Inuit peoples arrived thousands of years ago, developing a culture adapted to the harsh environment. Norse settlers established colonies in southern Greenland around the 10th century, though these communities later disappeared.

Today, Greenland’s population is predominantly Inuit, and traditional practices remain central to daily life. Hunting, fishing, and craftsmanship are important cultural elements, and visitors can learn about these traditions through museums, guided tours, and community experiences.

Greenland gained home rule in 1979 and expanded self‑government in 2009. While Denmark handles foreign affairs and defense, Greenland manages most domestic matters. The question of the United States claim on Greenland occasionally resurfaces in public debate, most recently when U.S. officials expressed interest in purchasing the island in 2019 and 2025. Greenland is not for sale, and both the Government of Greenland and the Government of Denmark stated this clearly. Among Greenlanders, the idea was largely viewed as unrealistic and disconnected from the island’s political reality. Greenland has extensive self‑rule, a strong national identity, and ongoing discussions about future independence. For many residents, the episode reinforced the importance of self‑determination and respect for Greenland’s political autonomy rather than external proposals about its status.

Cities and Towns

Greenland has no roads connecting its towns, so travel between settlements is by air or sea. Within towns, people use cars, and in winter many residents travel between nearby communities by snowmobile or dog sled. Each town has its own character and attractions.

Nuuk

The capital and largest city, Nuuk blends modern life with traditional culture. Highlights include the National Museum of Greenland, the Nuuk Art Museum, and a growing culinary scene. The city sits among fjords and mountains, offering easy access to nature.

Ilulissat

Located near the Ilulissat Icefjord, this town is one of Greenland’s most popular destinations. Visitors can watch icebergs drift from the Sermeq Kujalleq glacier, one of the fastest‑moving glaciers in the world.

Sisimiut

Greenland’s second‑largest town is known for outdoor activities, including hiking, skiing, and dog sledding. Sisimiut is also a cultural center with historic buildings and local workshops.

Qaqortoq

In southern Greenland, Qaqortoq is known for its colorful houses, art installations, and access to Norse archaeological sites.

Tasiilaq

The largest town on the east coast, Tasiilaq is surrounded by dramatic mountains and fjords. It is a gateway to remote wilderness areas and traditional East Greenlandic culture.

Wildlife

Greenland’s wildlife is adapted to Arctic conditions and varies by region. Marine life is especially rich, with several whale species visiting coastal waters in summer.

Common wildlife includes:

  • Humpback, minke, and fin whales
  • Seals such as ringed, harp, and hooded seals
  • Polar bears in remote northern and eastern regions
  • Musk oxen in western and eastern Greenland
  • Reindeer in southern and western areas
  • Arctic foxes and hares
  • Large seabird colonies, including puffins, guillemots, and kittiwakes

Wildlife viewing is best done with experienced guides who understand local conditions and safety requirements.

Tourism and Activities

Greenland offers a wide range of activities for adventurous travelers. Tourism is growing, but the island remains uncrowded and largely untouched.

Hiking and Trekking

Popular routes include the Arctic Circle Trail between Kangerlussuaq and Sisimiut, as well as shorter hikes around Nuuk, Ilulissat, and Qaqortoq. Trails vary from easy coastal walks to challenging mountain routes.

Boat Tours and Iceberg Viewing

Boat excursions are one of the best ways to experience Greenland’s fjords, glaciers, and icebergs. Summer cruises offer close views of calving glaciers and drifting ice formations.

Northern Lights

From late autumn to early spring, Greenland is an excellent place to see the aurora borealis. Towns with minimal light pollution, such as Kangerlussuaq and Tasiilaq, offer ideal viewing conditions.

Dog Sledding

Dog sledding is a traditional mode of transport in northern and eastern Greenland. Visitors can join guided sled tours during winter and early spring.

Kayaking

Kayaking has deep roots in Inuit culture. Modern tours allow visitors to paddle among icebergs and along sheltered coastlines.

Cultural Experiences

Travelers can visit local museums, attend cultural festivals, or join guided tours led by residents who share stories about daily life, traditions, and history.

Practical Information for Travelers

Getting There

Most international visitors arrive by air from Denmark or Iceland. Major airports include Nuuk, Ilulissat, and Kangerlussuaq. Domestic flights and helicopters connect towns across the island.

Getting Around

There are no intercity roads. Transportation options include:

  • Domestic flights
  • Helicopters
  • Ferries and coastal ships
  • Local boats
  • Snowmobiles and dog sleds in winter

Accommodation

Greenland offers hotels, guesthouses, hostels, and wilderness lodges. In summer, camping is possible in designated areas, though travelers must be prepared for changing weather.

Food and Dining

Greenlandic cuisine features seafood, lamb, reindeer, and traditional dishes such as mattak (whale skin and blubber). Larger towns offer international options, while smaller settlements may have limited choices.

Safety

Travel in Greenland requires caution. Weather can change quickly, and remote areas may lack immediate assistance. Travelers should:

  • Use experienced guides for wilderness activities
  • Follow local advice regarding wildlife
  • Dress in layers and carry proper equipment
  • Be aware of ice conditions when near glaciers or fjords

Sustainability and Responsible Travel

Greenland’s environment is fragile, and sustainable tourism is essential. Visitors are encouraged to:

  • Respect wildlife and maintain safe distances
  • Avoid disturbing vegetation
  • Support local businesses and cultural initiatives
  • Reduce waste and follow local guidelines

Tourism plays an important role in supporting Greenlandic communities and preserving cultural heritage.

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