Last Updated on 20 February 2026 by Johan
Malta is a small island nation in the central Mediterranean, known for its rich history, warm climate and diverse cultural heritage. Over thousands of years, the islands have been shaped by the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, the Knights of St. John, the French and the British. This long history has left Malta with an exceptional concentration of archaeological sites, fortifications and architectural landmarks.
Today, Malta is a modern republic and a member of the European Union. It attracts visitors with its historic cities, clear waters, beaches, diving sites and relaxed island atmosphere. The country consists of three main islands: Malta, Gozo and Comino.
History of Malta
Malta’s strategic location made it a crossroads of civilizations. The earliest known inhabitants built megalithic temples between 3600 and 2500 BC, some of the oldest free‑standing structures in the world. Later, the islands were influenced by Phoenician traders, followed by Roman rule beginning in 218 BC. During the Roman and Byzantine periods, Malta developed as a trading and religious center.
In 1530, Charles V granted the islands to the Knights of St. John, who fortified Malta and built Valletta after the Great Siege of 1565. Their architectural legacy remains visible in churches, palaces and fortifications across the islands.
The French briefly occupied Malta in 1798, but British forces took control in 1800. Malta became a British colony and played a crucial role during the Second World War. The islands endured heavy bombardment, and in recognition of their bravery, King George VI awarded the George Cross to the Maltese people in 1942.
Malta gained independence in 1964, became a republic in 1974 and joined the European Union in 2004. The euro became the official currency in 2008.
Economy of Malta
Malta’s economy is diverse and service‑oriented. Key sectors include tourism, financial services, maritime logistics, aviation, digital industries and manufacturing. The country has limited natural resources and imports most of its food and energy. Its location, skilled workforce and stable political environment contribute to economic growth. Tourism remains one of the most important sectors, attracting millions of visitors each year.
Top Attractions in Malta
St. John’s Co‑Cathedral, Valletta
St. John’s Co‑Cathedral is one of Malta’s most important religious and artistic landmarks. Built between 1573 and 1578 for the Knights of St. John, the cathedral has a plain exterior but an ornate Baroque interior. Highlights include the marble tombstones of the knights and two masterpieces by Caravaggio: The Beheading of St. John the Baptist and Saint Jerome Writing. The cathedral museum houses Flemish tapestries and other valuable works.
The Grand Harbour and Upper Barrakka Gardens
The Grand Harbour is one of the Mediterranean’s most impressive natural harbours. From the Upper Barrakka Gardens in Valletta, visitors enjoy panoramic views of the harbour and the historic Three Cities. The gardens are a peaceful place to rest and observe the daily firing of the Saluting Battery.
Grand Master’s Palace
Located in Valletta, the Grand Master’s Palace was built in the late 16th century and served as the residence of the Grand Masters of the Order. Today it houses the Office of the President of Malta. The palace features richly decorated halls, including the Tapestry Chamber and the State Rooms, which display portraits, armour and historical artifacts.
Fort St. Elmo and the National War Museum
Fort St. Elmo stands at the tip of the Valletta peninsula. Built in 1552, it played a key role during the Great Siege of 1565. The National War Museum inside the fort presents Malta’s military history, with exhibits from the Bronze Age to the Second World War. The George Cross awarded to the Maltese people is displayed here.
The Three Cities
The historic cities of Birgu (Vittoriosa), Senglea and Cospicua form the area known as the Three Cities. These fortified towns predate Valletta and offer narrow streets, waterfront promenades and well‑preserved architecture. Birgu is especially rich in heritage sites, including the Inquisitor’s Palace and Fort St. Angelo.
Other Destinations in Malta
Gozo
Gozo is quieter and greener than Malta. It is known for its rural landscapes, traditional villages and coastal scenery. Popular attractions include the Citadel in Victoria, the Ta’ Pinu Basilica and the red‑sand beach of Ramla Bay. Gozo is also a popular diving destination.
Comino
Comino is a small island between Malta and Gozo. It is famous for the Blue Lagoon, a sheltered bay with clear turquoise water ideal for swimming and snorkeling. The island is car‑free and offers walking trails and peaceful natural surroundings.
Beaches in Malta
Malta’s northern coast has several sandy beaches, including Mellieha Bay, Golden Bay and Ghajn Tuffieha. These beaches offer shallow waters, cafés and water sports. The northwest coast has quieter coves and rocky swimming spots.
Catacombs of St. Paul
Located near Mdina, the Catacombs of St. Paul are an underground burial complex dating from the Roman period. They were used until the 4th century AD and provide insight into early Christian burial practices.
Hal Saflieni Hypogeum
The Hypogeum is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Malta’s most remarkable prehistoric monuments. This underground complex, carved into limestone, dates from around 3600 to 2400 BC. Visitor numbers are limited to protect the site, so advance booking is essential.
Shopping in Malta
Malta offers a mix of modern shopping centers and traditional craft markets. The Point in Sliema is one of the largest malls, with international brands and restaurants. Valletta has smaller boutiques along Republic Street and Merchants Street. Traditional crafts such as glassware, lace and ceramics can be found at Ta’ Qali Crafts Village and the Gozo Crafts Centre in Victoria.
Practical Information for Tourists in Malta
Getting Around
Malta has an extensive bus network connecting major towns and attractions. Ferries operate between Malta, Gozo and Comino. Car rental is widely available, but driving can be challenging in busy areas.
Climate
Malta has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters. Spring and autumn offer pleasant temperatures and fewer crowds.
Languages
The official languages are Maltese and English. Italian is also widely understood.
Cuisine
Maltese cuisine blends Mediterranean influences. Traditional dishes include rabbit stew, pastizzi, fish soup and ftira. Local wines and craft beers are increasingly popular.
Safety
Malta is considered a safe destination with low crime rates. Tap water is safe to drink, and healthcare facilities are modern.
Why Visit Malta
Malta offers a unique combination of history, culture and natural beauty. Its compact size makes it easy to explore, while its rich heritage provides endless opportunities for discovery. Whether visiting ancient temples, swimming in clear waters, exploring fortified cities or enjoying local cuisine, travellers will find a destination that is welcoming and full of character.