Prague Czech Republic

Last Updated on 30 January 2026 by Johan

Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic (also called Czechia), is one of Europe’s most atmospheric cities. With its Gothic spires, Baroque palaces, cobbled lanes, and the Vltava River flowing beneath historic bridges, Prague combines a rich past with a vibrant modern city life. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the historic centre draws millions of visitors each year, yet it still offers quiet corners, local cafés, and green parks where you can slow down and soak in the atmosphere.

Prague at a glance

Prague lies in the heart of Central Europe on the Vltava River. It is the political, cultural, and economic centre of the Czech Republic and home to the country’s president, parliament, and key institutions. The official language is Czech, the currency is the Czech crown (CZK), and the city is part of the European Union and the Schengen Area, which makes travel easy for many international visitors.

The historic core is made up of several districts: the Old Town (Staré Město), the Lesser Town (Malá Strana), the New Town (Nové Město), the Jewish Quarter (Josefov), and Hradčany, the castle district. Each has its own character, from grand squares and churches to narrow medieval streets and riverside promenades.

History and culture

Prague’s history stretches back over a thousand years. It flourished as the seat of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV in the 14th century, when many of its most famous monuments were built, including Charles Bridge and parts of Prague Castle. Later, it became a key city of the Habsburg Empire and an important centre of culture and learning in Central Europe.

The 20th century brought dramatic changes: the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Nazi occupation during the Second World War, and decades of communist rule. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution—largely peaceful protests centred in Prague—led to the end of the communist regime. Today, Prague is a democratic capital and a popular destination for culture, conferences, and tourism.

Culture is everywhere in the city: classical music in historic concert halls, contemporary art galleries, film festivals, and traditional Czech pubs serving local beer. You can attend an opera at the National Theatre, listen to chamber music in a Baroque church, or explore modern design shops and cafés in the city centre.

Top sights and attractions

Prague Castle and Hradčany

Prague Castle is one of the largest castle complexes in the world and the official seat of the President of the Czech Republic. Within its walls you will find St. Vitus Cathedral, the Old Royal Palace, St. George’s Basilica, and the picturesque Golden Lane. The castle courtyards are free to enter, while specific interiors require a ticket. From the castle terraces, you can enjoy some of the best panoramic views of the city.

Charles Bridge

Charles Bridge, completed in the 15th century, connects the Old Town with the Lesser Town. It is lined with Baroque statues and offers beautiful views of the Vltava River and the city skyline. The bridge is pedestrian-only and is especially atmospheric early in the morning or late in the evening when the crowds thin out.

Old Town Square and the Astronomical Clock

The Old Town Square is the historic heart of Prague, surrounded by colourful townhouses, churches, and the Old Town Hall. On the tower of the hall you will find the famous Astronomical Clock, one of the oldest functioning astronomical clocks in the world. Every hour, a brief mechanical show attracts visitors to watch the procession of the figures on the clock.

Jewish Quarter (Josefov)

The Jewish Quarter preserves an important part of Prague’s Jewish heritage. Several synagogues, including the Old-New Synagogue and the Spanish Synagogue, as well as the Old Jewish Cemetery, can be visited with a combined ticket. Exhibitions explain the history and culture of the Jewish community in Prague and the tragedies it faced in the 20th century.

New Town and Wenceslas Square

Founded in the 14th century but developed extensively in the 19th and 20th centuries, the New Town is a lively district of shops, offices, and cultural venues. Wenceslas Square, more of a long boulevard than a traditional square, has been the stage for many key events in Czech history, including the demonstrations of the Velvet Revolution. At the upper end stands the National Museum, an important cultural and historical institution.

Vyšehrad and green spaces

Vyšehrad, a historic fort on a hill above the Vltava, offers a quieter alternative to the main tourist areas. You can walk along the ramparts, visit the Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, and see the national cemetery where many famous Czech figures are buried. Prague also has many parks and gardens, such as Letná Park, Petřín Hill, and Stromovka, which are ideal for walks, picnics, and city views.

Neighborhoods and where to stay

For first-time visitors, staying in or near the historic centre is convenient. The Old Town and Lesser Town place you within walking distance of major sights, while Hradčany offers a more peaceful atmosphere near the castle. The New Town has good transport connections and a wide range of hotels, restaurants, and nightlife.

Beyond the centre, districts like Vinohrady and Žižkov are popular for their local feel, cafés, and parks, while still being close to the centre by tram or metro. These areas can be a good choice if you prefer a more residential atmosphere.

Getting to and around Prague

Arriving in Prague

Prague is served by Václav Havel Airport Prague, located to the west of the city. From the airport, you can reach the centre by public bus combined with metro, by airport express bus, or by taxi and licensed ride services. International trains and buses connect Prague with many European cities, arriving mainly at Prague Main Railway Station (Praha hlavní nádraží) and Florenc bus station.

Public transport

Prague has an extensive and integrated public transport system of metro, trams, buses, and some ferries and funiculars. The network is managed within the Prague Integrated Transport system. Tickets are time-based and valid across metro, tram, and bus lines within the relevant zones. You can buy tickets at ticket machines, some newsstands, and via official mobile apps. Remember to validate your paper ticket when you first enter the system.

Public transport runs frequently during the day, with night trams and buses operating after the metro closes. Official information, including maps, timetables, and any planned disruptions, is available online and at major stops.

Walking and cycling

The historic centre of Prague is compact and best explored on foot. Many streets are cobbled, so comfortable shoes are recommended. Cycling is becoming more popular, with marked routes and shared bike services in some areas, but the hilly terrain and cobblestones can be challenging in the oldest parts of the city.

Practical information for tourists

Money and payments

The official currency is the Czech crown (CZK). While some businesses in tourist areas may accept euros, the exchange rate is often not favourable, so it is better to pay in CZK. Cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops, but it is useful to carry some cash for smaller purchases. Use official ATMs linked to banks rather than independent machines that may charge higher fees.

Safety and health

Prague is generally considered a safe city for visitors. As in any popular destination, be aware of pickpockets in crowded areas, especially around major sights and on public transport. The Czech Republic has a high standard of healthcare, with both public and private facilities. In case of a serious emergency, you can dial 112, the EU-wide emergency number. For non-urgent medical needs, contact local clinics or hospitals; your travel insurance may require you to call their assistance line first.

Tourist information and city services

Official tourist information centres operate in the city centre and at the airport. They provide maps, brochures, and advice on current events, guided tours, and cultural programmes. Staff can help with practical questions, including transport, accessibility, and barrier-free routes. Many services and attractions offer discounts for children, students, and seniors; check current conditions on official websites.

Climate and best time to visit

Prague has a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. Spring and autumn are popular times to visit, with milder temperatures and colourful scenery. Summer brings longer days and many outdoor events, but also more visitors. Winter can be cold, sometimes with snow, yet the city is especially atmospheric during the Advent and Christmas season, when markets and festive lights appear in the main squares.

Local customs and responsible tourism

Czechs generally appreciate polite behaviour and respect for local rules. Tipping around 10% in restaurants is customary if you are satisfied with the service. When visiting churches and historic sites, dress respectfully and follow any posted guidelines. In residential areas, keep noise levels down at night.

To travel responsibly, use public transport where possible, support local businesses, and respect the city’s historic fabric by not damaging monuments or leaving litter. Tap water in Prague is generally safe to drink, which helps reduce plastic waste if you refill a reusable bottle.

Planning your visit

Before you travel, check whether you need a visa or any specific travel documents to enter the Czech Republic, depending on your nationality. As a member of the Schengen Area, the Czech Republic applies common rules for many visitors, but requirements can change, so always consult official sources. It is also wise to have travel insurance that covers medical care, theft, and trip interruptions.

With its blend of history, culture, and modern city life, Prague offers something for every traveller: from castle courtyards and riverside walks to concert halls and contemporary cafés. With a bit of planning and up-to-date information from official sources, you can enjoy a memorable and smooth stay in the capital of the Czech Republic.

Sources (official, non-commercial)