Last Updated on 13 August 2025 by Johan

The North Sea links the coasts of the United Kingdom, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. Its waters carry one of the highest concentrations of maritime traffic in the world, from massive container ships to local fishing boats and leisure craft. For sailors, knowing the main routes is essential—not only for efficiency, but also for safety. The routes below highlight the key passages, notable landmarks, and practical tips for a smooth and rewarding voyage.

The Dover Strait

At just 21 nautical miles wide between Dover in England and Calais in France, the Dover Strait is the narrowest entry point from the English Channel into the North Sea.

Navigation notes:

• It is one of the busiest waterways in the world, with strict Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS).
• Cross at right angles to the TSS and maintain constant VHF watch, especially on Channel 16.

What to expect:

The White Cliffs of Dover and Cap Gris-Nez lighthouse provide iconic landmarks, but visibility can quickly be reduced by sea fog, so radar or AIS is advisable.

Southern North Sea Coastal Route

Following the coasts of Belgium and the Netherlands offers a relatively sheltered alternative, with short distances between ports.

Navigation notes:

• Popular stops include Zeebrugge, Scheveningen, and IJmuiden.
• Strong tidal currents can run along the Dutch coast, especially near inlets.

What to expect:

In fair weather, this route offers easy harbor access and scenic coastal sailing. Inland waterways in the Netherlands provide an excellent fallback during rough conditions. Offshore wind farms are expanding in this area—always consult updated charts.

German Bight Approach

The German Bight connects the southern North Sea to major ports such as Hamburg and Bremerhaven, as well as the Kiel Canal.

Navigation notes:

• Shallow waters and shifting sandbanks make accurate chart work essential.
• The Elbe and Weser estuaries are heavily trafficked; timing your entry with favorable tides is critical.

What to expect:

Busy shipping lanes, well-maintained buoys, and the option of local pilotage for newcomers. Expect strong tidal streams and the possibility of rough seas in onshore winds.

Skagerrak and Kattegat Passage

At the northern end of the North Sea, the Skagerrak links Norway, Sweden, and Denmark before narrowing into the Kattegat and leading into the Baltic Sea.

Navigation notes:

• Ferry and container ship routes crisscross the area. Keep a wide berth and plan for strong, shifting winds.

What to expect:

A dramatic coastline with fjords, islands, and fishing harbors. Weather changes rapidly here—extra caution is advised in autumn and winter months.

Offshore Passage via Dogger Bank

For those seeking open-water sailing, Dogger Bank offers an offshore alternative to coastal hopping.

Navigation notes:

• Exposure to wind and waves is significant; shelter options are minimal.
• Fishing vessels operate widely here—watch for gear and trawler activity.

What to expect:

Expansive views, abundant seabirds, and a sense of isolation far from land. Best attempted in settled weather with a well-prepared vessel.

Planning and Safety Essentials for All Routes

• Always carry updated charts and check local Notices to Mariners.
• Monitor weather forecasts closely, especially for wind shifts and fog.
• Identify contingency ports before departure.
• Understand local regulations, including TSS crossing rules and exclusion zones around wind farms.
• Maintain a proper lookout at all times—traffic density in the North Sea can be unpredictable.

Final Thoughts

The North Sea offers a wide range of sailing experiences, from coastal port-hopping to challenging offshore passages. By understanding the main routes and preparing thoroughly, sailors can navigate confidently, enjoy the rich maritime heritage of the region, and discover the diverse cultures along its shores.