Thessaloniki, Greece

Last Updated on 26 August 2025 by Johan

Thessaloniki, also known historically as Salonica, is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of the region of Central Macedonia. It is located in the northern part of the country, along the coast of the Thermaic Gulf, which opens into the Aegean Sea. The city serves as a major cultural, economic, and transportation hub in southeastern Europe.

Name Origin

The city was founded in 315 BC by Cassander, King of Macedon, who named it after his wife, Thessalonike, the half-sister of Alexander the Great. Her name is believed to commemorate a military victory (“nike”) in Thessaly, hence “Thessaloniki.”

Historical Background

Thessaloniki has a rich and layered history spanning over two millennia. It was built near the ancient town of Therma and quickly grew into a significant urban center during the Hellenistic period. Under Roman rule, it became a key city along the Via Egnatia, the road connecting Rome to the eastern provinces.

During the Byzantine Empire, Thessaloniki flourished as a major religious and commercial center, second only to Constantinople. The city endured invasions and occupations by Normans, Ottomans, and others, each leaving architectural and cultural imprints. Its Jewish community, once one of the largest in Europe, played a vital role in the city’s development until the tragic events of World War II.

Tourist Highlights

Thessaloniki offers a compelling mix of ancient ruins, Byzantine churches, Ottoman architecture, and modern urban life.

The Upper Town, known as Ano Poli, features narrow streets, traditional houses, and some of the city’s oldest churches, including Osios David, St. Nicolaos Orphanos, and the Vlatades Monastery. This area contrasts with the bustling lower city and provides panoramic views of the Thermaic Gulf.

The Church of Aghios Demetrios, dedicated to the city’s patron saint, is built above the remains of the Roman Forum and includes underground catacombs and a museum. It is considered the most important religious site in Thessaloniki.

The White Tower, located on the waterfront, is the city’s most iconic landmark. Visitors can climb to the top for sweeping views of downtown Thessaloniki and the sea.

The Arch and Tomb of Galerius, also known as the Kamara, are remnants of Roman imperial architecture and serve as popular meeting points in the city.

On the eastern side of the city, the Kyvernion (former royal residence) and the Thessaloniki Concert Hall are notable sites. The Thessaloniki International Trade Fair, held each September, brings together business, culture, and innovation.

Local Tips

  • Visit the Modiano Market for local produce, spices, and traditional delicacies.
  • Explore the Ladadika district for authentic tavernas and nightlife in restored 19th-century buildings.
  • Take a sunset walk along the Nea Paralia promenade, stretching from the White Tower to Megaro Mousikis.
  • For a quieter experience, head to the Seikh Sou Forest, just above Ano Poli, ideal for hiking and nature walks.

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